The cable has a black wire which connects directly to the circuit and a red wire which connects to the switch. White wires augmented with red or black tape or markings are used as hot.
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Black white red wires. Usually though you see a red wire only when the outlet is a 240 volt one or when its controlled by a switch. Please tell me how these should be. Black white red and bare. By convention the other is usually black but it could be red. They may use other colors for. That color is mandated by the national electrical code.
However a black wire can never be used as a neutral or ground wire or for any purpose other than to carry a live electrical load. One of the conducting wires the neutral is white. Now coming out of the fan are 3 wires and the green ground. There is a green ground wire on the ceiling fan mount plate. The ground wire also connects to the switch but the white wire gets spliced to the circuit neutral wire and bypasses the switch. The different colors of electrical wires indicate the function of the wire with black and red indicating the wires carry electric current white usually indicating neutral charge and green indicating the wire is grounded.
Black wires are always hot wires meaning that they carry electricity. The instructions are woefully scant and do not account to the 6 wires from the ceiling. The wires are black blackwhite and white. Electricians often use black red or blue wires to deliver electricity to a circuit from the main panel. The other has 4 wires. The standard way to power a split tab outlet is to run a three conductor cable to a wall switch.
The colors regulated by the national electrical code in the united states are standardized for safety. The white wire is the neutral and all other colors are hot.